SpectrumFM: A Foundation Model for Intelligent Spectrum Management
To address the low recognition accuracy, slow convergence, and poor generalization of existing small-scale models in dynamic spectrum environments, this paper proposes SpectrumFM—a spectral foundation model. Methodologically, SpectrumFM integrates CNNs with multi-head self-attention to enhance IQ-signal representation learning; introduces the first foundation-model paradigm for spectrum analysis, featuring dual self-supervised pretraining tasks—masked signal reconstruction and next-time-step signal prediction; and employs parameter-efficient fine-tuning (e.g., LoRA) for cross-task transfer. Experiments demonstrate significant improvements: 12.1% higher accuracy in automatic modulation classification (AMC), 9.3% gain in wireless technology classification (WTC), an AUC of 0.97 for spectrum sensing at −4 dB SNR, over 10% improvement in anomaly detection performance, faster convergence, and markedly enhanced few-shot adaptation capability.