Intuitive Surgical SurgToolLoc Challenge Results: 2022-2023
To address the challenge of real-time, robust surgical instrument localization in minimally invasive robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) video streams, this work introduces SurgToolLoc—the first large-scale, multi-view, multi-scenario benchmark dataset with pixel-level mask annotations. We further propose a novel evaluation protocol emphasizing both cross-center generalizability and real-time inference (≥30 FPS). Methodologically, we integrate instance segmentation and keypoint detection with temporal modeling (ConvLSTM/Transformer), domain adaptation, and weakly supervised learning. Our best-performing model achieves 92.4% mAP@0.5 on the test set while maintaining an inference speed of 36 FPS—substantially outperforming conventional template matching and early CNN-based approaches. The solution has undergone rigorous preclinical validation across multiple surgical scenarios. By providing a reproducible, scalable, end-to-end framework for visual instrument localization in RAS, this work establishes a new standard for benchmarking and advancing vision-based surgical navigation systems.