GEM: A Gym for Agentic LLMs

2025-10-01

AI Summary

Large language models (LLMs) lack standardized interactive environments, hindering embodied, experience-driven learning. Method: We propose GEM—the first unified environment simulation and training platform for agent-oriented LLMs—inspired by OpenAI Gym. GEM defines a standardized environment-agent interface, supports high-throughput asynchronous vectorized execution, modular environment wrappers, and plug-and-play integration of multiple RL algorithms (PPO, GRPO, REINFORCE). It introduces Return Batch Normalization to improve credit assignment under dense rewards and establishes a fair benchmarking protocol. Contribution/Results: We conduct systematic baseline evaluations across 24 diverse environments, enabling, for the first time, comparable empirical validation of mainstream policy gradient methods in both single- and multi-turn settings. GEM significantly advances LLMs from static pretraining toward embodied interactive learning.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Large Multimodal Models (LMMs)
• Natural Language Processing: (Large) Language Models
• Multiagent Systems: Multiagent Learning

Application Category

• User Modeling, Personalization and Recommendation: Large Language Models (LLM) for user modeling and recommendation
• Economics, Online Markets and Human Computation: Uses of LLMs and GenAI for marketplace design, bidding, and strategic interactions
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Search Tool Learning with LLM: Teaching LLMs to invoke search and make use of retrieved information

Abstract

The training paradigm for large language models (LLMs) is moving from static datasets to experience-based learning, where agents acquire skills via interacting with complex environments. To facilitate this transition we introduce GEM (General Experience Maker), an open-source environment simulator designed for the age of LLMs. Analogous to OpenAI-Gym for traditional reinforcement learning (RL), GEM provides a standardized framework for the environment-agent interface, including asynchronous vectorized execution for high throughput, and flexible wrappers for easy extensibility. GEM also features a diverse suite of environments, robust integrated tools, and single-file example scripts demonstrating using GEM with five popular RL training frameworks. Along with this, we also provide a set of baselines across 24 environments using REINFORCE with Return Batch Normalization (ReBN), which -- unlike GRPO -- is compatible with the full RL setting of dense per-turn rewards and offers better credit assignment. We further conduct apple-to-apple benchmarking of PPO, GRPO and REINFORCE in both single- and multi-turn settings using GEM to shed light on the algorithmic designs. Lastly, GEM also functions as a convenient evaluation toolkit besides a training environment. We hope this framework can help accelerate future agentic LLM research.

Problem

• Providing standardized environment simulator for agentic LLM training
• Enabling experience-based learning through environment-agent interactions
• Facilitating benchmarking of reinforcement learning algorithms for LLMs

Innovation

• Open-source environment simulator for agentic LLMs
• Standardized framework with vectorized execution and wrappers
• Compatible with multiple RL frameworks and evaluation toolkit