Modeling and Performance Analysis for Fluid Antenna System Enabled UAV Near-Field Communications

2026-08-10

AI Summary

This study addresses the challenge that conventional channel models fail to accurately capture the dynamic port configuration and spatially non-uniform near-field characteristics of Fluid Antenna Systems (FAS) in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) near-field communications. To this end, it presents the first unified model that jointly characterizes the dynamic activation of FAS ports and the spatial non-uniformity of the near-field channel, incorporating both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight components along with UAV mobility dynamics. Building upon this model, a low-complexity greedy subarray partitioning scheme coupled with a high-gain port selection mechanism is proposed to enable efficient port grouping and real-time updates. The proposed approach significantly enhances channel modeling accuracy while reducing computational complexity, thereby demonstrating the performance advantages and practical viability of FAS in dynamic UAV communication scenarios.

Abstract

Fluid antenna systems (FASs) offer a promising solution for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) air-to-ground (A2G) communications by enabling reconfigurable radiation characteristics. Addressing the limitations of traditional models in capturing the dynamic port configuration of FAS and the near-field nature of UAV communications, this paper proposes a dynamic port-reconfigurable near-field channel model for FAS-assisted UAV-to-mobile user (MU) links. Furthermore, we develop a FAS-adaptive subarray partition scheme utilizing a greedy strategy. By decomposing line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) components and integrating UAV motion dynamics with FAS port activation states, the proposed model accurately characterizes the non-uniform spatial distribution of near-field channels. The subarray partition scheme dynamically groups active ports to satisfy near-field conditions while significantly reducing computational complexity, supported by a dynamic update algorithm that efficiently handles subarray adjustments during port switching. To avoid low effective gain and deep-fading ports in dense FAS configurations, a channel gain-based selection strategy is employed to prioritize high-gain ports. We derive and analyze the modeling accuracy and channel capacity, investigating the impact of FAS dimensions, port spacing, active port count, and UAV dynamics on system performance. Finally, the computational complexity of the subarray partition scheme is evaluated, verifying its advantages for real-time applications and providing a theoretical foundation for the design and analysis of FAS in dynamic scenarios.

Problem

• Fluid Antenna System
• Near-Field Communication
• UAV
• Dynamic Port Configuration
• Channel Modeling

Innovation

• Fluid Antenna System
• Near-Field Communication
• Dynamic Port Reconfiguration
• Subarray Partition
• UAV Channel Modeling