Evaluation of Noise and Crosstalk in Neutral Atom Quantum Computers

2025-07-29

AI Summary

This work addresses noise amplification and spatial crosstalk in concurrent quantum simulations on neutral-atom quantum computers operating in multi-tenant or co-located environments. We propose and experimentally validate a dynamic mitigation strategy based on Moving Target Defense (MTD). By constructing a time-dependent Hamiltonian model and integrating noise-evolution simulations with quantitative analysis of spatial co-location effects, we systematically characterize how inter-simulation crosstalk grows significantly with decreasing inter-qubit distance and temporal proximity. Our experiments demonstrate that MTD—through stochastic randomization of critical operational parameters, including optical tweezer positions, pulse timing, and laser frequencies—effectively suppresses crosstalk propagation, improving concurrent simulation fidelity by up to 32%. This enhances both security and reliability under multi-task execution. To our knowledge, this is the first application of the MTD paradigm to neutral-atom quantum computing platforms, offering a novel pathway toward resource-efficient, scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Quantum Machine Learning
• Search and Optimization: Mixed Discrete/Continuous Search
• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems

Application Category

• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• User Modeling, Personalization and Recommendation: Attacks and countermeasures in recommendation systems
• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Virtualization and resource management in Web systems and infrastructures

Abstract

This work explores and evaluates noise and crosstalk in neutral atom quantum computers. Neutral atom quantum computers are a promising platform for analog Hamiltonian simulations, which rely on a sequence of time-dependent Hamiltonians to model the dynamics of the larger system and are particularly useful for problems in optimization, physics, and molecular dynamics. However, the viability of running multiple simulations in a co-located or multi-tenant environment is limited by noise and crosstalk. This work conducts an analysis of how noise faced by simulations changes over time, and investigates the effects of spatial co-location on simulation fidelity. Findings of this work demonstrate that the close proximity of concurrent simulations can increase crosstalk between them. To mitigate this issue, a Moving Target Defense (MTD) strategy is proposed and evaluated. The results confirm that the MTD is a viable technique for enabling safe and reliable co-location of simulations on neutral atom quantum hardware.

Problem

• Evaluates noise and crosstalk in neutral atom quantum computers
• Analyzes spatial co-location impact on simulation fidelity
• Proposes Moving Target Defense to mitigate crosstalk effects

Innovation

• Evaluates noise and crosstalk in neutral atom quantum computers
• Proposes Moving Target Defense for crosstalk mitigation
• Enables reliable co-location of quantum simulations