Extracting ontology-compliant knowledge from scientific text describing irradiated materials using large language models

2026-09-15

AI Summary

研究使用大型语言模型从描述辐照材料的科学文本中提取符合本体的知识，解决了数据重用和结构化问题。

Abstract

The quest for new materials increasingly relies on predictive models and comprehensive simulations that span scales from atomic to macroscopic levels. However, essential data necessary for these models and simulations are often embedded in scientific literature as unstructured text, limiting reusability and posing challenges for researchers seeking to leverage existing knowledge effectively. While extracting structured data from unstructured text using large language models is gaining popularity, traditional methods typically generate key-value pairs data with straightforward schemas. In contrast, we introduce eolas, a modular pipeline that uses large language models to automatically transform scientific documents into knowledge graphs aligned with a specified ontology. We demonstrate eolas effectiveness in extracting useful information for scientists studying materials designed to endure the extreme temperatures and radiation levels found in fusion reactors. While a human expert might spend between thirty to ninety minutes extracting relevant data from an article, eolas can generate high-quality knowledge graphs in just a few minutes. These are presented in a tabular format with faceted navigation for easy human validation. Additionally, we introduce the first benchmark dataset designed to assess large language models capabilities in constructing knowledge graphs within the domain of irradiated materials. The analysis of 168 experiments using our dataset, various large language models and prompting techniques provides key insights that we summarize into practical guidelines for effectively extracting knowledge graphs aligned with an input ontology.

Problem

• unstructured text
• predictive models
• comprehensive simulations
• data reusability
• knowledge extraction

Innovation

• large language models
• knowledge graphs
• ontology alignment
• unstructured text extraction
• benchmark dataset