Lights-Out: An Automated Ground Segment for unstaffed Satellite Operations
To address challenges in satellite ground segment operations—including unattended operation during off-hours, manual user experiment scheduling and monitoring, and delayed emergency response—this study proposes a periodic fully autonomous ground segment architecture. The architecture integrates automated task scheduling, automatic execution of flight operations procedures, intelligent system health monitoring, and configurable emergency response mechanisms to autonomously resolve conflicts between primary and user missions. It unifies telemetry, tracking, and command (TTC) systems with a user mission management platform, enabling remote RF equipment access and real-time browser-based data visualization. A self-service user portal with sub-second responsiveness is implemented. The architecture has been successfully deployed for the first time in the DLR Heinrich Hertz satellite mission, achieving 24/7 fully autonomous operations, minimum task response time under 60 seconds, and substantial improvements in mission flexibility and operational efficiency.