Context-Aware Hybrid Routing in Bluetooth Mesh Networks Using Multi-Model Machine Learning and AODV Fallback
To address the performance degradation of traditional AODV routing in Bluetooth Mesh networks under congestion and dynamic topologies, this paper proposes a lightweight hybrid intelligent routing framework. The method innovatively integrates four interpretable, lightweight machine learning models—packet delivery success classification, TTL/delay regression, and forwarding suitability classification—into a unified, context-aware scoring mechanism that enables dynamic neighbor ranking and adaptive next-hop selection. Crucially, the framework retains AODV’s fallback capability to ensure robustness. Evaluated across ten representative scenarios, the approach achieves a 99.97% packet delivery ratio—significantly outperforming standard AODV and existing hybrid schemes. Results demonstrate its effectiveness in infrastructure-less environments, offering high reliability, low overhead, and strong adaptability for multi-hop routing.