MambaHSI: Spatial–Spectral Mamba for Hyperspectral Image Classification
To address the high computational cost of Transformers and the difficulty of existing Mamba architectures in jointly modeling spatial and spectral structures in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, this paper proposes HS-Mamba—the first full-image-level Mamba architecture for HSI. Methodologically, it introduces (1) decoupled Spatial Mamba Blocks (SpaMB) and Spectral Mamba Blocks (SpeMB) to capture long-range spatial dependencies and grouped spectral correlations, respectively; (2) a Spatial-Spectral Fusion Module (SSFM) for adaptive cross-domain feature interaction; and (3) linear-complexity state-space modeling throughout the network to balance efficiency and representational capacity. Evaluated on four benchmark HSI datasets—including Indian Pines—HS-Mamba achieves state-of-the-art accuracy with significantly fewer parameters and lower FLOPs than CNNs, Transformers, and prior Mamba variants, demonstrating Mamba’s feasibility and superiority as an efficient backbone for HSI classification.