Privacy-Preserving and Incentive-Driven Relay-Based Framework for Cross-Domain Blockchain Interoperability

2025-10-15

AI Summary

Cross-domain interoperability between permissioned and permissionless blockchains remains challenging due to divergent access control policies, architectural heterogeneity, and disparate security requirements. To address this, we propose a chain-agnostic relay framework that jointly ensures privacy preservation, security, and incentive compatibility. Our approach innovatively integrates the Clover routing protocol with the Dandelion++ transaction diffusion mechanism—achieving, for the first time in cross-chain settings, strong anonymity and collusion resistance. We further combine zero-knowledge proofs, cryptographic signatures, and lightweight relay-chain verification to guarantee cross-domain data integrity and confidentiality. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that our framework significantly outperforms baseline approaches in throughput, forwarding latency, and availability, while effectively resisting multi-node collusion attacks. The proposed solution provides an efficient, scalable, and bidirectionally secure interoperability mechanism for heterogeneous blockchain systems.

Technology Category

• Application Domains: Security
• Data Mining & Knowledge Management: Representing, Reasoning, and Using Provenance, Trust
• Search and Optimization: Distributed Search

Application Category

• Security and Privacy: Blockchains and distributed ledgers
• Responsible Web: Data and user privacy-enhancing technologies for the Web
• Web Mining and Content Analysis: Web data provenance, reliability, and authenticity

Abstract

Interoperability is essential for transforming blockchains from isolated networks into collaborative ecosystems, unlocking their full potential. While significant progress has been made in public blockchain interoperability, bridging permissioned and permissionless blockchains poses unique challenges due to differences in access control, architectures, and security requirements. This paper introduces a blockchain-agnostic framework to enable interoperability between permissioned and permissionless networks. Leveraging cryptographic techniques, the framework ensures secure data exchanges. Its lightweight architectural design simplifies implementation and maintenance, while the integration of Clover and Dandelion++ protocols enhances transaction anonymity. Performance evaluations demonstrate the framework's effectiveness in achieving secure and efficient interoperability by measuring the forwarding time, the throughput, the availability, and their collusion impact of the system across heterogeneous blockchain ecosystems.

Problem

• Enabling secure interoperability between permissioned and permissionless blockchains
• Addressing architectural and security challenges in cross-domain blockchain communication
• Ensuring transaction anonymity while maintaining system efficiency and availability

Innovation

• Privacy-preserving relay framework for cross-chain interoperability
• Lightweight architecture with cryptographic secure data exchange
• Integrates Clover and Dandelion++ for transaction anonymity