Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM): Comparison of Various Time Integration Solvers and Implementations
🤖 AI Summary
This study addresses the lack of systematic evaluation of time integration solvers and hardware implementations in the numerical modeling of quasi-brittle heterogeneous materials such as concrete. Building upon the Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM), the authors implement implicit, explicit, and static solvers on both CPU and GPU platforms and conduct a series of benchmark tests of increasing complexity to quantitatively compare their performance and accuracy in terms of stress–strain response, computational efficiency, iteration counts, and energy balance errors. For the first time, LDPM performance is comprehensively assessed across different solver strategies and computational architectures. The work introduces crack-opening-vector correlation coefficients and normalized root-mean-square error for crack pattern evaluation and validates the numerical stability of strain-softening responses under unconfined compression. The majority of the implementation code and full benchmark datasets are open-sourced, significantly enhancing model reproducibility and standardization.
Application Category
📝 Abstract
This article presents a comparison of various implementations of the Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM) for the numerical simulation of concrete and other heterogeneous quasibrittle materials. The comparison involves the use of transient implicit and explicit solvers and steady-state (static) solvers and implementations for Central Processing Unit (CPU) as well as Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The various implementations are compared on the basis of a set of benchmarks tests describing behaviors of increasing computational complexity. They include elastic vibrations, confined strain-hardening compressive response, tensile fracture, and unconfined strain-softening compressive response. Metrics of interest extracted from the simulations include macroscopic stress versus strain responses, computational times, number of iterations, and energy balance error. Pairwise comparison of final crack patterns is provided through the correlation coefficient and normalized root mean square error of the crack opening vectors. Moreover, for the most numerically challenging case of unconfined compression with sliding boundary conditions, the stability of the strain-softening response is tested by perturbing the solutions as well as changing the convergence criteria and time step size. Attached to this paper is the complete input data of the benchmark tests; this will allow researchers to run the examples and compare them with their own implementations. In addition, most of the reported implementations are publicly available in open source packages.
Problem
Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.
Lattice Discrete Particle Model
time integration solvers
numerical simulation
quasibrittle materials
computational comparison
Innovation
Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.
Lattice Discrete Particle Model
time integration solvers
GPU acceleration
crack pattern comparison
quasibrittle materials simulation
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