🤖 AI Summary
研究探讨了为何某些团体能保持独立判断而其他团体则陷入一致性陷阱，通过建立模型分析社会认可对质疑文化的影响及动态恢复机制。
📝 Abstract
I study why some groups---polities and organizations alike---sustain independent judgment while others fall into conformity traps. Social approval can suppress not only the expression of independent judgment but also the upstream practice that keeps such judgment available: maintaining judgment generates visible questioning, and observers cannot distinguish diligence from opposition. Because suspicion falls when questioning is common, the same desire for approval can sustain a questioning culture or a conformity trap. The model separates maintaining judgment from acting on it when novelty arrives. When the decision to act is uniquely determined, I give primitive conditions for coexistence; in a logit--proportional benchmark, a single inequality is necessary and sufficient. The principal contribution is dynamic. Under staggered revision the stock of judgment is inherited: protecting dissent releases existing judgment at once---with negative expected adaptive value on impact in a stationary culture below a break-even competence threshold---whereas rebuilding the stock is constrained by turnover. A monotone operator constructs the extremal perfect-foresight paths from every inherited state. When recovery under every admissible continuation is attainable, two cutoffs classify inherited states---recovery impossible, expectation-dependent, or assured---and a focus condition at the unstable culture strictly separates them, opening a band of states where expectations select the long-run culture. Turnover then yields sharp physical duration bounds, within temporary direct formation support, for making recovery possible or robust. A fully coupled interval-certified example verifies coexistence, the band, and the distinct output and welfare implications.