ORBITER: Conflict-Aware Decision-Making for Agentic Last-Mile Delivery

2026-08-19

AI Summary

为了解决最后一公里配送中动态订单处理问题，ORBITER通过结合语言模型和决策点建模方法来优化下一订单决策，提升了决策的准确性和可靠性。

Abstract

Last-mile delivery aims to handle dynamically arriving orders with couriers while modeling complex spatial and temporal correlations. Recent learning-based methods model spatiotemporal dependencies among orders to predict courier service sequences, but leave next-order decision making unexplained. Describing the current delivery state in language allows LLMs to reason explicitly about the spatial, temporal, and behavioral cues behind an individual decision. As direct predictors, however, LLMs remain sensitive to task presentation and often produce unreliable decisions. To address these challenges, we introduce ORBITER, an agentic Order Arbiter for next-order decision-making in last-mile delivery. ORBITER models courier service through decision points, each containing the courier's spatiotemporal state and visible orders and exposing local trade-offs for modeling and verification. Fixed proposers rank the candidates, and a structured report identifies where their rankings disagree. The LLM uses task-specific tools to gather evidence on the leading alternatives, while an independent critic checks the resulting decision against that evidence. We conduct extensive evaluations on data in four cities, where ORBITER outperforms existing state-of-the-art baselines by up to 9.2% on average showing its effectiveness.

Problem

• last-mile delivery
• spatiotemporal dependencies
• next-order decision making
• language models
• decision reliability

Innovation

• Conflict-Aware Decision-Making
• Order Arbiter
• Spatiotemporal State
• Decision Points
• Evidence Gathering