Teeth2Point: A Two-Stage Dental CBCT ROI-to-Point Segmentation Framework

2026-08-19

AI Summary

本文提出Teeth2Point框架，通过两阶段方法解决牙齿CBCT图像中缺失或错位牙齿的准确标注问题，先用卷积模型定位ROI，再用转换器处理点令牌。

Abstract

Modern deep learning architectures have demonstrated strong performance in dental CBCT segmentation. One remaining crucial challenge is accurate tooth labeling in cases with missing or malpositioned teeth, which are highly relevant for dental practice. Transformer-based architectures should in theory be able to resolve such ambiguities using global anatomical context. However, due to the high resolution of CBCT volumes and the wide spatial distribution of teeth within volumes, dense patch-based volumetric processing faces an inherent trade-off. Computational costs limit the number of patches that can be used in self-attention and thus, one can either increase the extent of the context captured in self-attention or capture fine-grained structural details by using small patches, but not both. In this work, we present Teeth2Point, an efficient point-based transformer framework for dental CBCT semantic segmentation that can avoid this trade-off. Teeth2Point first localizes volumetric regions of interest (ROIs) surrounding teeth using a convolutional model, then converts ROIs into point tokens using adaptive sampling. A transformer model predicts accurate segmentations using the point tokens, which allow capturing global context while retaining high resolution. The transformer is first pretrained using self-supervised learning (SSL), in the style of DINO but using domain-specific augmentation strategies, followed by supervised finetuning. The SSL pretraining, which includes random token masking, provides robustness to complex anatomical variations. Compared with the strongest two-stage baseline, Teeth2Point improves abnormal-case performance by 1.44 DSC points on average across four datasets; relative to the first-stage nnU-Net, the gain is 1.9 points.

Problem

• dental CBCT
• tooth labeling
• missing teeth
• malpositioned teeth
• anatomical context

Innovation

• point-based transformer
• self-supervised learning
• adaptive sampling
• global context
• high resolution