StabQ: Quantum Program Analysis via Weighted Stabilizer Representations

2026-08-25

AI Summary

为解决量子程序分析中的状态空间大和执行行为难以精确刻画问题，提出基于加权稳定器表示的符号执行框架StabQ，支持多种量子程序分析任务。

Abstract

Quantum program analysis remains challenging due to the exponentially large state space of quantum programs and the difficulty of precisely characterizing their execution behavior. In particular, non-Clifford operations introduce additional complexity that limits the applicability of stabilizer-based techniques. Although stabilizer representations provide compact descriptions for Clifford circuits, their limited expressiveness prevents them from directly supporting general quantum program analysis. In this work, we propose StabQ, a symbolic execution framework for quantum program analysis based on stabilizer representations. StabQ extends stabilizer-based symbolic execution beyond Clifford-only programs by introducing a symbolic state representation that captures and propagates quantum state evolution while preserving execution semantics. Based on this representation, StabQ constructs a Tableau Chain that represents the evolution of intermediate symbolic states throughout program execution and enables reusable analysis of quantum program executions. Furthermore, StabQ incorporates tableau consolidation and global-phase recovery mechanisms to mitigate symbolic state growth during execution. Building upon the Tableau Chain, StabQ supports multiple quantum program analysis tasks, including quantum state reconstruction, entanglement analysis, and Clifford-property detection. We evaluate StabQ on three benchmark suites---Algorithms, MQT Bench, and QASMBench. The results demonstrate that StabQ constructs semantically consistent symbolic models, accurately preserves quantum state evolution, and effectively supports downstream analysis tasks across diverse quantum programs.

Problem

• Quantum Program Analysis
• Stabilizer Representations
• Non-Clifford Operations
• State Space
• Execution Behavior

Innovation

• weighted stabilizer representations
• symbolic state representation
• Tableau Chain
• quantum program analysis
• non-Clifford operations