Design-to-Plan: A Large Language Model-Based Multi-Agent Framework for Manufacturing Process Planning from 3D CAD Models and 2D Engineering Drawings

2026-08-24

AI Summary

为解决从3D CAD模型和2D工程图到制造过程规划的全链条推理问题，提出了一种基于大语言模型的多代理框架Design-to-Plan，通过协调各专业代理实现高效、可追溯的决策。

Abstract

Manufacturing process planning transforms heterogeneous design information into coherent manufacturing decisions. However, existing approaches focus on isolated subtasks, such as feature recognition, drawing interpretation, or tool selection, and struggle to support the full reasoning chain from design artifacts to process plans. This is critical when planning must interpret 3D CAD models, 2D engineering drawings, materials, and domain-specific rules. To address this gap, this paper presents Design-to-Plan, a large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent framework for end-to-end manufacturing process planning. An orchestrator coordinates specialized agents for 3D feature recognition, 2D drawing analysis, 2D-3D context fusion, knowledge retrieval, process sequencing, tool selection, and report generation. Rather than using LLMs as standalone text generators, the framework deploys them as reasoning agents that interact with deterministic modules and knowledge sources to produce consistent and traceable decisions. In this hybrid design, deterministic modules and specialized agents extract structured information from CAD and drawing inputs, while LLM agents perform context-aware reasoning, retrieve manufacturing rules, resolve conflicts, and generate planning outputs. The framework is evaluated using 300 benchmark cases across three downstream ReAct-enabled agents, plus separate evaluations of CAD feature recognition, drawing analysis, and 2D-3D context fusion. The parallel architecture achieves 100% success across downstream agents, Tool F1 scores of 95.9%-97.6%, 90% source detection accuracy in conflict analysis, and a 60%-68% reduction in token usage for key planning tasks. Results show that structured LLM-based multi-agent coordination can bridge design representations and manufacturing knowledge, enabling scalable, efficient, and traceable design-to-plan automation.

Problem

• manufacturing process planning
• 3D CAD models
• 2D engineering drawings
• feature recognition
• tool selection

Innovation

• Large Language Model
• Multi-Agent Framework
• End-to-End Process Planning
• Context-Aware Reasoning
• Deterministic Modules