MUSS-TI: Multi-level Shuttle Scheduling for Large-Scale Entanglement Module Linked Trapped-Ion

2025-09-30

AI Summary

To address the high qubit shuttling overhead induced by inter-module entanglement in modular EML-QCCD ion-trap architectures, this paper proposes a scalable, multi-level compilation framework tailored for photonic-interconnected quantum systems. Inspired by classical multi-level memory hierarchies, our approach integrates functional partition-aware task scheduling with QCCD physical layout optimization, enabling coordinated scheduling across multiple scales—local operations, intra- and inter-module entanglement generation, and photonic interconnect transmission. Experimental evaluation on benchmark circuits across three qubit-scale regimes (30–32, 117–128, and 256–299 qubits) demonstrates shuttle operation reductions of 41.74%, 73.38%, and 59.82%, respectively. These improvements significantly lower physical-layer execution costs—particularly shuttling latency and error accumulation—while preserving fidelity. The method establishes a novel, scalable compilation paradigm for large-scale trapped-ion quantum computing, bridging architectural constraints with high-level algorithmic requirements.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Quantum Machine Learning
• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization: Distributed CSP/Optimization

Application Category

• Economics, Online Markets and Human Computation: Cost models of using LLMs in production systems
• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Energy management for devices in mobile Web and WoT environments
• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements

Abstract

Trapped-ion computing is a leading architecture in the pursuit of scalable and high fidelity quantum systems. Modular quantum architectures based on photonic interconnects offer a promising path for scaling trapped ion devices. In this design, multiple Quantum Charge Coupled Device (QCCD) units are interconnected through entanglement module. Each unit features a multi-zone layout that separates functionalities into distinct areas, enabling more efficient and flexible quantum operations. However, achieving efficient and scalable compilation of quantum circuits in such entanglement module linked Quantum Charge-Coupled Device (EML-QCCD) remains a primary challenge for practical quantum applications. In this work, we propose a scalable compiler tailored for large-scale trapped-ion architectures, with the goal of reducing the shuttling overhead inherent in EML-QCCD devices. MUSS-TI introduces a multi-level scheduling approach inspired by multi-level memory scheduling in classical computing. This method is designed to be aware of the distinct roles of different zones and to minimize the number of shuttling operations required in EML-QCCD systems. We demonstrate that EML-QCCD architectures are well-suited for executing large-scale applications. Our evaluation shows that MUSS-TI reduces shuttle operations by 41.74% for applications with 30-32 qubits, and by an average of 73.38% and 59.82% for applications with 117-128 qubits and 256-299 qubits, respectively.

Problem

• Reducing shuttling overhead in entanglement-module-linked trapped-ion quantum devices
• Optimizing quantum circuit compilation for scalable modular trapped-ion architectures
• Minimizing shuttle operations in multi-zone quantum charge-coupled device systems

Innovation

• Multi-level shuttle scheduling for trapped-ion quantum systems
• Compiler reduces shuttling operations in modular architectures
• Scheduling method minimizes operations across distinct functional zones