Simple approximations of some statistical functions

๐Ÿ“… 2026-04-01
๐Ÿ›๏ธ Publications of the Pulkovo_Observatory
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๐Ÿค– AI Summary
This study addresses the computational complexity associated with calculating quantiles of the inverse normal distribution, Studentโ€™s t-distribution, and outlier rejection criteria in hypothesis testing. To overcome the reliance on table lookups or iterative numerical methods, the paper proposes concise and highly accurate analytical approximations formulated as closed-form expressions. These approximations significantly reduce computational overhead while maintaining precision sufficient for practical statistical applications. The resulting method offers substantial gains in computational efficiency, making it particularly well-suited for resource-constrained environments or scenarios requiring rapid statistical inference. By bridging theoretical rigor with practical utility, the approach delivers both methodological insight and real-world applicability.

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๐Ÿ“ Abstract
Possibilities are considered to simplify the calculation of some statistical functions used to test statistical hypotheses when processing observations: the inverse normal distribution, the Studentโ€™s t-distribution, and the criterion for rejecting outliers. For these three cases, simple but still effective approximation expressions are proposed to compute the quantiles of these statistical distributions.
Problem

Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.

statistical functions
hypothesis testing
quantile approximation
outlier rejection
computational simplification
Innovation

Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.

statistical approximations
quantile estimation
outlier rejection
normal distribution
Student's t-distribution
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