🤖 AI Summary
This work addresses the significant performance degradation of bearing fault diagnosis under strong noise by proposing a lightweight time–frequency dual-domain multi-scale convolutional neural network. The time-domain branch captures impulsive features through parallel multi-scale convolutional kernels, while the frequency-domain branch leverages fast Fourier transform to extract noise-robust spectral structures. A novel dual-domain collaborative fusion mechanism is designed to enable complementary feature integration. With only 110,000 parameters, the model achieves 99.75% accuracy on clean signals from the CWRU dataset and maintains 92.50% accuracy under severe −4 dB noise—outperforming single-domain baselines by 7.25 percentage points and surpassing state-of-the-art methods such as WDCNN and DRSN-CW, thereby demonstrating superior robustness and computational efficiency.
📝 Abstract
To address the degradation of bearing fault diagnosis accuracy under strong noise, this paper proposes a time-frequency dual-domain multi-scale convolutional neural network. The time-domain branch employs three parallel convolutional kernels to capture multi-scale impulse features, while the frequency-domain branch applies the Fast Fourier Transform to extract noise-robust spectral structure information. Features from both branches are fused for fault classification, yielding a compact model of 110,122 parameters. Experiments on the CWRU bearing dataset across seven signal-to-noise ratio levels demonstrate that the proposed method achieves 99.75% accuracy under clean conditions and maintains 92.50% at -4 dB SNR, representing a 7.25 percentage-point improvement over the single-domain baseline with monotonically increasing gains under stronger noise. Ablation experiments validate the independent performance contributions of the time-domain multi-scale branch and the frequency-domain branch. Comparative experiments against WDCNN, DRSN-CW, MCNN, and 1D-LeNet confirm the superiority of the proposed method under strong noise conditions.