Problem
Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.
gaze interaction
gaze gestures
user-centered design
intuitive interaction
Midas Touch problem
The People's Gaze: Co-Designing and Refining Gaze Gestures with General Users and Gaze Interaction Experts
🤖 AI Summary
This work addresses the disconnect between expert-designed eye-gaze interaction gestures and users’ natural oculomotor behaviors, which often compromises intuitiveness and reliability. To bridge this gap, the authors propose a two-stage design process that integrates user co-creation with expert refinement: first, non-expert participants generate spontaneous eye-gaze gesture concepts through participatory workshops; then, experts optimize these concepts based on oculomotor physiology and natural metaphors. The study reveals a prevalent “activation + action” compositional syntax in user-generated gestures, leading to a refined set of 32 intuitive and feasible gestures. This gesture set effectively mitigates the Midas Touch problem and offers a deployable, user-friendly solution for hands-free interaction.
📝 Abstract
As eye-tracking becomes increasingly common in modern mobile devices, the potential for hands-free, gaze-based interaction grows, but current gesture sets are largely expert-designed and often misaligned with how users naturally move their eyes. To address this gap, we introduce a two-phase methodology for developing intuitive gaze gestures. First, four co-design workshops with 20 non-expert participants generated 102 initial concepts. Next, four gaze interaction experts reviewed and refined these into a set of 32 gestures. We found that non-experts, after a brief introduction, intuitively anchor gestures in familiar metaphors and develop a compositional grammar; i.e., activation (dwell) + action (gaze gesture or blink), to ensure intentionality and mitigate the classic Midas Touch problem. Experts prioritized gestures that are ergonomically sound, aligned with natural saccades, and reliably distinguishable. The resulting user-grounded, expert-validated gesture set, along with actionable design principles, provides a foundation for developing intuitive, hands-free interfaces for gaze-enabled devices.
Innovation
Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.
gaze gestures
co-design
user-centered design
Midas Touch
eye-tracking interaction
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