Performance Analysis of Pinching-Antenna Systems

2025-02-10

AI Summary

To address the severe path loss and poor environmental adaptability of high-frequency communications in 6G, this paper proposes a clamped antenna system (PAS) based on dielectric waveguides, transforming traditionally uncontrollable path loss into a programmable design parameter. We establish, for the first time, an end-to-end closed-form analytical framework for PAS performance, jointly modeling free-space path loss and waveguide attenuation to derive analytical expressions for link outage probability and average achievable rate. Furthermore, we uncover the coupling mechanism between waveguide loss and antenna geometric layout, and propose an optimal antenna placement strategy tailored to minimize waveguide-induced attenuation. Numerical results under realistic channel conditions demonstrate that PAS significantly enhances link reliability and data rate—particularly in long-range, high-frequency scenarios—while maintaining robust performance. This work provides both theoretical foundations and a systematic design paradigm for intelligent, reconfigurable 6G wireless environments.

Technology Category

• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Search and Optimization: Distributed Search
• Multiagent Systems: Agent Communication

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Energy management for devices in mobile Web and WoT environments
• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Efficient manipulation of static and dynamic Web-related graphs

Abstract

The sixth generation of wireless networks envisions intelligent and adaptive environments capable of meeting the demands of emerging applications such as immersive extended reality, advanced healthcare, and the metaverse. However, this vision requires overcoming critical challenges, including the limitations of conventional wireless technologies in mitigating path loss and dynamically adapting to diverse user needs. Among the proposed reconfigurable technologies, pinching antenna systems (PASs) offer a novel way to turn path loss into a programmable parameter by using dielectric waveguides to minimize propagation losses at high frequencies. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive analytical framework that derives closed-form expressions for the outage probability and average rate of PASs while incorporating both free-space path loss and waveguide attenuation under realistic conditions. In addition, we characterize the optimal placement of pinching antennas to maximize performance under waveguide losses. Numerical results show the significant impact of waveguide losses on system performance, especially for longer waveguides, emphasizing the importance of accurate loss modeling. Despite these challenges, PASs consistently outperform conventional systems in terms of reliability and data rate, underscoring their potential to enable high-performance programmable wireless environments.

Problem

• Analyzes pinching antenna system performance
• Optimizes antenna placement for waveguide losses
• Compares PAS with conventional wireless technologies

Innovation

• Pinching antenna systems
• Dielectric waveguides
• Programmable wireless environments