🤖 AI Summary
Rendering wet porous media—such as moist soil, damp fabric, or humid sculptures—poses a significant challenge at macroscopic scales due to their composition of optically complex, sub-resolution translucent particles and interstitial liquid, rendering conventional physical modeling infeasible. To address this, we extend the anisotropic radiative transfer equation and propose the first physically interpretable rendering theory for wet porous media. Our key innovation is replacing the conventional spherical particle assumption with a micro-ellipsoidal particle model, enabling unified, position-independent characterization of porosity and liquid saturation within the radiative transfer framework. Based on this, we derive WetSpongeCake—a bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) model supporting both reflection and transmission. The method integrates statistical optics, ellipsoidal micro-geometry scattering, and physics-driven parameterization. Experiments demonstrate high-fidelity, interactive, and physically consistent rendering across diverse scenarios, including wet fabric, liquid-saturated sand, and humid sculptures.
📝 Abstract
Wet porous materials, like wet ground, moist walls, or wet cloth, are common in the real world. These materials consist of transmittable particles surrounded by liquid, where the individual particle is invisible in the macroscopic view. While modeling wet porous materials is critical for various applications, a physically based model for wet porous materials is still absent. In this paper, we model these appearances in the media domain by extending the anisotropic radiative transfer equation to model porosity and saturation. Then, we introduce a novel particle model -- micro-ellipsoid -- by treating each particle as a transmittable ellipsoid, analogous to a micro-flake, to statistically characterize the overall optical behavior of the medium. This way, the foundational theory for media with porosity and saturation is established. Building upon this new medium, we further propose a practical bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) model within the position-free framework--WetSpongeCake. As a result, our WetSpongeCake model is able to represent various appearances of wet porous materials using physical parameters (e.g., porosity and saturation), allowing both reflection and transmission. We validated our model through several examples: a piece of wet cloth, sand saturated with different liquids, or damp sculptures, demonstrating its ability to match real-world appearances closely.