🤖 AI Summary
Protein therapeutics are prone to forming subvisible particles (SvPs) during formulation, compromising efficacy and increasing immunogenicity risk—necessitating high spatiotemporal-resolution, in situ monitoring methods. To address this, we developed a novel color-coded flow imaging microscopy technique integrating RGB temporal mapping, particle tracking velocimetry (PTV), and a microfluidic stress-gradient chip, enabling interpretable, single-particle–resolved analysis of protein aggregate formation dynamics, migration trajectories, and stress responses. Leveraging high-resolution bright-field/dark-field dual-mode imaging, our method uniquely identifies, at the single-particle level, three dominant stressors—pH shift, interfacial shear, and freeze-thaw cycling—with a 76% reduction in misclassification rate. Validated in process risk assessments at two leading biopharmaceutical companies, this approach establishes a new paradigm for real-time, mechanistic quality control of protein therapeutics.