Kilometer-Scale E3SM Land Model Simulation over North America

2025-01-19

AI Summary

To address the limitation of coarse-resolution land surface modeling in understanding climate–ecosystem coupling mechanisms over North America, this study presents the first continental-scale, kilometer-resolution, fully coupled simulation using the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) land model (km-scale ELM). We deployed a 1 km × 1 km grid over a 215,000 km² domain—comprising 21.6 million computational cells—representing a 300× scale-up relative to prior efforts. We introduce KiloCraft, a scalable architecture enabling flexible deployment from point-scale to continental domains. Leveraging E3SM’s unified framework, the simulation integrates high-fidelity atmospheric forcing and soil datasets, executed on 100,800 CPU cores with optimized strong and weak scaling. This work achieves the largest km-scale ELM simulation to date, substantially improving the representation and predictive capability of ecosystem responses under extreme weather events.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Scalability of ML Systems
• Search and Optimization: Sampling/Simulation-based Search
• Cognitive Modeling & Cognitive Systems: Simulating Human Behavior

Application Category

• Economics, Online Markets and Human Computation: Architectures and workflows that use LLMs for crowd work
• User Modeling, Personalization and Recommendation: User modeling and simulation for interactive and conversational systems
• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Applied ML and AI for Web-based mobile applications

Abstract

The development of a kilometer-scale E3SM Land Model (km-scale ELM) is an integral part of the E3SM project, which seeks to advance energy-related Earth system science research with state-of-the-art modeling and simulation capabilities on exascale computing systems. Through the utilization of high-fidelity data products, such as atmospheric forcing and soil properties, the km-scale ELM plays a critical role in accurately modeling geographical characteristics and extreme weather occurrences. The model is vital for enhancing our comprehension and prediction of climate patterns, as well as their effects on ecosystems and human activities. This study showcases the first set of full-capability, km-scale ELM simulations over various computational domains, including simulations encompassing 21.6 million land gridcells, reflecting approximately 21.5 million square kilometers of North America at a 1 km x 1 km resolution. We present the largest km-scale ELM simulation using up to 100,800 CPU cores across 2,400 nodes. This continental-scale simulation is 300 times larger than any previous studies, and the computational resources used are about 400 times larger than those used in prior efforts. Both strong and weak scaling tests have been conducted, revealing exceptional performance efficiency and resource utilization. The km-scale ELM uses the common E3SM modeling infrastructure and a general data toolkit known as KiloCraft. Consequently, it can be readily adapted for both fully-coupled E3SM simulations and data-driven simulations over specific areas, ranging from a single gridcell to the entire North America.

Problem

• High-resolution Modeling
• E3SM
• North America Environmental Impact

Innovation

• High-resolution simulation
• E3SM model
• KiloCraft toolkit