Waltz: Temperature-Aware Cooperative Compression for High-Performance Compression-Based CSDs

2025-09-03

AI Summary

SSDs face a dual bottleneck: device-side compression triggers thermal throttling, while host-side compression incurs substantial software overhead and degrades I/O performance. To address this, we propose Waltz, a temperature-aware co-compression framework that jointly optimizes performance and thermal management. Waltz is the first to introduce dynamic, temperature-guided scheduling of compression tasks between the host (F2FS file system) and the device (hardware compression engine). We further design two variants: Waltzₛ, optimized for storage efficiency, and Waltzₚ, optimized for latency-sensitive workloads. Experimental results demonstrate that Waltz maintains high compression ratios while reducing peak SSD temperature by up to 18°C, effectively eliminating thermal throttling and system crashes. It improves average I/O throughput by 23%, extends SSD lifetime, and reduces CPU and memory resource consumption compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

Technology Category

• Data Mining & Knowledge Management: Data Compression
• Machine Learning: Learning on the Edge & Model Compression
• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Web performance, measurement, and characterization
• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Efficient manipulation of static and dynamic Web-related graphs
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Efficiency and scalability of Web search engines

Abstract

Data compression is widely adopted for modern solid-state drives (SSDs) to mitigate both storage capacity and SSD lifetime issues. Researchers have proposed compression schemes at different system layers, including device-side solutions like CCSDs ( c ompression-based c omputational SSDs) and compression supported by host-side, like F2FS (flash-friendly file system). We conduct quantitative studies to understand how host-side and device-side compression schemes affect the temperature and performance of SSD-based storage systems. From our experiments, device-side compression, facilitated by a hardware compression engine, can raise the temperature of CCSDs to intolerable levels, resulting in throttling and service shutdown. In contrast, host-side compression causes software-stack overhead, which often results in large performance degradation and resource consumption. To ensure efficient data compression with high performance and better temperature control, we propose Waltz, a temperature-aware cooperative compression method that schedules (de)compression tasks at the host and device sides by monitoring device temperature. Furthermore, we introduce two variants (Waltzs and Waltzp) for space and performance optimization, respectively. Waltz is implemented within F2FS, achieving high performance while extending SSD lifetime and preventing overheating-induced in-flight shutdowns.

Problem

• Device-side compression causes SSD overheating and throttling
• Host-side compression leads to performance degradation and overhead
• Need temperature-aware compression scheduling for performance and lifespan

Innovation

• Temperature-aware cooperative compression scheduling
• Host-device task coordination for thermal control
• F2FS-integrated implementation preventing overheating shutdowns