A Dynamic Energy-Based Hysteresis Model for Pulsed-Operated Fast-Ramping Magnets

2025-09-04

AI Summary

Accurate time-domain modeling of fast-ramping electromagnets is hindered by the strong nonlinear magnetic behavior—including hysteresis and eddy currents—of ferromagnetic yokes. Method: This paper proposes a dynamic ferromagnetic coupling model that rigorously couples, in the time domain, a preconditioned energy-based hysteresis loop model with a thin-sheet eddy-current model. Unlike conventional approaches relying on lossless material approximations or post-hoc loss formulations, the proposed method integrates both phenomena intrinsically within a unified electromagnetic framework. Contribution/Results: The model enables high-fidelity, simultaneous prediction of spatial magnetic field distribution and core losses. Validated on conventional conduction-bend magnets under fast transient excitation, it significantly improves modeling accuracy and physical fidelity compared to standard simplifications. The approach maintains theoretical rigor while retaining practical applicability for accelerator magnet design and analysis.

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Abstract

Due to the strongly nonlinear behavior of ferromagnetic yokes, the numerical analysis of fast-ramping magnets is highly cumbersome and, therefore, in practice overly simplified by means of anhysteretic material descriptions and a posteriori loss formulae. This paper establishes the use of a dynamic ferromagnetic model combining a preconditioned energy-based hysteresis description and a thin-sheet eddy-current model in time-domain. The model was successfully employed in the analysis of a normal-conducting bending magnet in order to precisely calculate losses and fields.

Problem

• Modeling nonlinear hysteresis in fast-ramping magnets
• Combining energy-based hysteresis with eddy-current effects
• Precisely calculating magnetic losses and field distributions

Innovation

• Dynamic energy-based hysteresis model
• Combines preconditioned hysteresis and eddy-current
• Time-domain analysis for magnet losses