Lazy-Move Compilation for Neutral-Atom Quantum Computers via a Buffer-Relay Fabric

2026-06-30

AI Summary

This work addresses the fidelity limitations in neutral-atom quantum computing caused by frequent shuttling of data atoms, which induces handover errors, heating, and atom loss. The authors propose the BRIDGE architecture, which innovatively integrates static buffer-mediated routing with inert-motion compilation to enable long-range interactions in a dual-species, two-dimensional interleaved array. By leveraging non-computational buffer atoms and restricting physical movement exclusively to hotspot regions, the approach entirely eliminates conventional data-atom transport. This strategy significantly suppresses crosstalk while supporting both heteronuclear and homonuclear Rydberg gate operations. Benchmarking on 22 quantum circuits demonstrates approximately 10× and 16× improvements in overall fidelity over the ZAP and Enola schemes, respectively, along with execution time reductions of 540× and 1000×, and completely removes the need for data-atom shuttling.

Abstract

Neutral atom quantum computing offers strong scalability and flexible qubit connectivity, but most existing compilation flows rely on reconfigurable atom arrays that physically shuttle qubit atoms during execution. Although this approach improves connectivity, it also introduces handoff errors, motional heating, and atom-loss risks that can degrade overall fidelity. We present BRIDGE, a Buffer-Relay Interconnect for Data-stable Gate Execution that co-designs a static, compiler-managed buffer-relay fabric with a lazy-move compiler that exploits it. BRIDGE targets an optimized, dual-species 2D interleaved atom array, using non-encoding ``buffer atoms'' to mediate long-range interactions in the fixed baseline and introducing limited data motion only for selected hotspots. By using calibrated heteronuclear and homonuclear Rydberg channels, BRIDGE realizes a static routing backbone in which data-buffer and buffer-buffer interactions are enabled while residual data-data crosstalk is suppressed. Across a 22-circuit matched benchmark suite re-estimated under a single shared error model, BRIDGE attains a geometric-mean $\sim$10$\times$ higher total fidelity than ZAP and $\sim$16$\times$ than Enola, together with $\sim$540$\times$ and $\sim$1000$\times$ lower circuit execution time, respectively, while reducing data-atom movement from thousands of transport events to zero.

Problem

• neutral-atom quantum computing
• qubit connectivity
• atom shuttling
• fidelity degradation
• quantum compilation

Innovation

• lazy-move compilation
• buffer-relay fabric
• neutral-atom quantum computing
• Rydberg interactions
• static qubit routing