Beamforming Design for Pinching Antenna Systems with Multiple Receive Antennas

2025-09-02

AI Summary

In dynamic non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environments, conventional reconfigurable antennas suffer from limited flexibility and fail to reliably restore line-of-sight (LoS) links. Method: This paper proposes a downlink modeling framework for pinching antenna systems (PASs) serving multi-antenna users. It establishes an analytical relationship between received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the radiation location of the pinching antenna, introduces a central radiation point optimization method leveraging large-scale channel features, and designs a heuristic compression placement algorithm to jointly achieve multi-antenna phase alignment and compact active unit selection. Contribution/Results: Simulation results demonstrate that, under dense PAS deployment and short-range scenarios with large inter-antenna spacing at the user side, the proposed scheme significantly outperforms conventional single-antenna approaches in terms of system performance gain.

Technology Category

• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Search and Optimization: Algorithm Configuration
• Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization: Distributed CSP/Optimization

Application Category

• User Modeling, Personalization and Recommendation: On-Device user modeling, personalization, and recommendation
• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Energy management for devices in mobile Web and WoT environments
• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Efficient manipulation of static and dynamic Web-related graphs

Abstract

Next-generation networks require intelligent and robust channel conditions to support ultra-high data rates, seamless connectivity, and large-scale device deployments in dynamic environments. While flexible antenna technologies such as fluid and movable antennas offer some degree of adaptability, their limited reconfiguration range and structural rigidity reduce their effectiveness in restoring line-of-sight (LoS) links. As a complementary solution, pinching antenna systems (PASs) enable fine-grained, hardware-free control of radiation locations along a waveguide, offering enhanced flexibility in challenging propagation environments, especially under non-LoS (NLoS) conditions. This paper introduces a general and novel modeling framework for downlink PASs targeting users equipped with multiple receive antennas, addressing a practical yet underexplored scenario in the existing literature. Specifically, we first derive an analytical relationship between the received signal-to-noise ratio and the pinching antenna (PA) positions, and based on this, we propose a two-layer placement strategy. First, we optimize the central radiation point using large-scale channel characteristics, and then we use a heuristic compressed placement algorithm to approximate phase alignment across multiple receive antennas and select a spatially compact set of active elements. Simulation results demonstrate notable performance gains over conventional single-antenna schemes, particularly in short-range scenarios with dense PAs and widely spaced user antennas.

Problem

• Optimizing beamforming for pinching antenna systems with multiple receive antennas
• Enhancing signal-to-noise ratio through strategic pinching antenna placement
• Improving performance in non-line-of-sight conditions with compact active elements

Innovation

• Pinching antenna system modeling framework
• Two-layer placement strategy optimization
• Heuristic compressed placement algorithm