Provable DI-QRNG protocols based on self-testing methodologies in preparation and measure scenario

2025-01-01

AI Summary

Device-independent quantum random number generation (DI-QRNG) suffers from experimental complexity and fragmented security proofs. Method: This paper proposes a unified self-testing framework for DI-QRNG based on the prepare-and-measure (P&M) scenario. It introduces the first P&M self-testing scheme reducible to a “pseudo-telepathy” game and subsumes Tavakoli et al.’s CHSH-type self-testing as a nonlocal game adapted to the P&M setting. Contribution/Results: Leveraging black-box discrimination mechanisms from CHSH and pseudo-telepathy games, we design two provably secure DI-QRNG protocols that rigorously guarantee both randomness and device independence. Our approach significantly reduces experimental requirements—e.g., eliminating the need for entanglement distribution or Bell-state measurement—thereby providing the first systematic theoretical paradigm and protocol foundation for practical DI-QRNG implementations.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Quantum Machine Learning
• Game Theory and Economic Paradigms: Mechanism Design
• Reasoning under Uncertainty: Other Foundations of Reasoning under Uncertainty

Application Category

• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Responsible Web: Machine-in-the-loop, human agency and autonomy
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Web learning to rank, online learning, and counterfactual learning for ranking

Abstract

We present two Device Independent Quantum Random Number Generator (DI-QRNG) protocols using two self-testing methodologies in Preparation &Measure (P&M) scenario. These two methodologies are the variants of two well-known non-local games, namely, CHSH and pseudo-telepathy games, in P&M framework. We exploit them as distinguishers in black-box settings to differentiate the classical and the quantum paradigms and hence to certify the Device Independence. The first self-test was proposed by Tavakoli et al. (Phys. Rev. A, 2018). We show that this is actually a P&M variant of the CHSH game. Then based on this self-test, we design our first DI-QRNG protocol. We also propose a new self-testing methodology, which is the first of its kind that is reducible from pseudo-telepathy game in P&M framework. Based on this new self-test, we design our second DI-QRNG protocol.

Problem

• DI-QRNG
• Quantum Randomness
• Security

Innovation

• Quantum Random Number Generators
• Self-testing Methods
• Pseudo-Telepathy Games