🤖 AI Summary
研究探讨了大型语言模型在神经发育障碍评估中的人类还原论偏差和决策不一致问题，通过比较人类专家与语言模型的决策一致性、认知启发式易感性等方法。
📝 Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly supporting complex mental-health decisions, which depend not only on factual evidence but also value-laden interpretations. We introduce a mixed-methods human-LLM auditing framework examining decision consistency, susceptibility to cognitive heuristics, declarative intellectual humility, and the concepts operationalized in support-allocation judgments of neurodevelopmental disorders. Comparing 35 humans (18 physicians and 17 psychologists) with seven LLMs, we show that in both groups, ratings of patients' functional level were not significantly associated with support-eligibility decisions, indicating an inconsistency between descriptive assessments and final evaluative judgments. Specifically, we find that neither group showed significant susceptibility to experimental manipulations targeting anchoring and representativeness heuristics. LLMs reported higher intellectual humility than experts (U = 241, p < .001, r = .62; LLMs: M = 41.43, SD = 1.99; experts: M = 29.03, SD = 8.05), but it was unrelated to decision consistency or functional assessment. While LLMs and physicians granted support less frequently than psychologists (U = 180.50, p = .003, r = .34), they also interpreted a concept of "basic life needs" differently, primarily as biological survival and self-care, and not communicative and social needs. These findings suggest that despite expressing high levels of intellectual humility, LLMs reproduce a reductionist interpretive framework and knowledge embedded in medical decision-making. More broadly, we argue that evaluating AI in high-stakes contexts requires not only measuring accuracy, agreement, or resistance to cognitive bias, but also critical examination of the concepts of neurodiversity that AI systems operationalize.