ReMAP: Self-supervised learning to unveil brain representations and vulnerability

2026-08-22

AI Summary

研究通过自监督学习方法分析脑电图轨迹，揭示麻醉深度及患者路径形状的临床意义，预测麻醉深度并关联认知和死亡率结果。

Abstract

General anesthesia offers a rare opportunity to observe the human brain under a standardized, controlled perturbation. Yet intraoperative electroencephalography (EEG) is almost always reduced to a single proprietary depth index, collapsing a rich trajectory into one number and discarding how a brain moves between states. Here we ask whether the geometry of that trajectory, not merely the depth it reaches, carries clinically meaningful information. Using similarity-based self-supervised learning on raw, two-electrode frontal EEG, with no labels, we place each recording within a low-dimensional space in which anesthetic depth becomes one readable axis while the shape of a patient's path encodes additional structure. We validate the representation across two cohorts and two acquisition systems totaling more than 1,000 patients. Depth of anesthesia is predicted accurately (BIS mean absolute error = 3.2, R2 = 0.82), and in the sparse-montage setting our compact ( 68k parameter) model remains competitive with EEG foundation models orders of magnitude larger (4M-157M parameters), indicating that matching the representation to the recording dominates raw scale. The learned space organizes age along its own gradient, independent from depth, without supervision. The same space also aligns with interpretable anesthetic signatures like frontal alpha, slow-delta, and burst suppression, linking this data-driven representation to established neurophysiology. On an independent cohort with longitudinal follow-up, the geometry of the early trajectory separates 30- month cognitive and mortality outcomes complementary to age (AUROC 0.86). These results suggest that the path a brain traces through anesthesia is a label-efficient correlate of latent vulnerability, motivating prospective validation.

Problem

• anesthesia
• EEG trajectory
• clinical information
• latent vulnerability

Innovation

• self-supervised learning
• anesthetic depth prediction
• low-dimensional space
• latent vulnerability