Exploring Agentic Approaches for Data Issue Detection and Repair in AI-Assisted Visualization

2026-08-21

AI Summary

研究利用商业大语言模型在AI辅助可视化中识别和修复数据问题，通过多代理协调方法提高处理复杂数据问题的能力。

Abstract

AI is increasingly lowering the barrier to data analysis and creating visualization scripts. However, a key obstacle in AI-assisted visualization is that certain data issues can lead to visualizations that are plausible, but misrepresent the underlying data. These \textit{visualization defects} are elusive and difficult to fix, particularly for non-experts who may not know what data issues cause them or how to guide AI systems to resolve them. We present findings of a preliminary empirical investigation of how commercial LLMs identify and repair defect-inducing data issues. Using a curated subset of the 911 emergency-call dataset with five injected data issues, we evaluated GPT-5, GPT-4o, GPT-4, and Claude Sonnet 4.6 under a three-stage prompting protocol, including zero-shot, guided issue-identification, and guided issue-repair. We executed this protocol under two conditions: single-agent and a multi-agent orchestration that separates data issue detection, review, repair planning, data repair, and repair quality assurance. We observed that across both conditions, LLMs identified and repaired single-field issues (e.g., missing values) but struggled to identify and repair temporal, geographic, and semantic issues. Based on these observations, we discuss design implications for agentic visualization systems, including explicit representation of data assumptions, selective human intervention for ambiguous decisions, and evidence-based repair.

Problem

• data issues
• visualization defects
• AI-assisted visualization
• non-experts

Innovation

• agentic visualization systems
• data issue detection and repair
• large language models