Exploration of Evolving Quantum Key Distribution Network Architecture Using Model-Based Systems Engineering

2025-08-21

AI Summary

Quantum computing poses a critical threat to classical cryptographic systems, necessitating scalable, interoperable quantum key distribution (QKD) networks. Method: This paper proposes a model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach for scalable QKD network design, introducing variability-driven architecture modeling. It integrates orthogonal variability modeling with SysML to jointly model and co-design QKD systems and classical communication infrastructure. Contribution/Results: The resulting modular, traceable architecture enables rapid evolution and cross-scenario reuse, significantly enhancing network adaptability and development efficiency. Standardized architectural artifacts—including variability models, system interfaces, and integration patterns—are produced, serving as a reference model for QKD network deployment. Furthermore, the framework supports broader integration and evolutionary research of quantum information systems, facilitating interoperability between quantum and classical infrastructures.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Quantum Machine Learning
• Data Mining & Knowledge Management: Scalability, Parallel & Distributed Systems
• Cognitive Modeling & Cognitive Systems: (Computational) Cognitive Architectures

Application Category

• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Virtualization and resource management in Web systems and infrastructures
• Economics, Online Markets and Human Computation: Incentives in network design for Web infrastructures and ecosystems

Abstract

Realisation of significant advances in capabilities of sensors, computing, timing, and communication enabled by quantum technologies is dependent on engineering highly complex systems that integrate quantum devices into existing classical infrastructure. A systems engineering approach is considered to address the growing need for quantum-secure telecommunications that overcome the threat to encryption caused by maturing quantum computation. This work explores a range of existing and future quantum communication networks, specifically quantum key distribution network proposals, to model and demonstrate the evolution of quantum key distribution network architectures. Leveraging Orthogonal Variability Modelling and Systems Modelling Language as candidate modelling languages, the study creates traceable artefacts to promote modular architectures that are reusable for future studies. We propose a variability-driven framework for managing fast-evolving network architectures with respect to increasing stakeholder expectations. The result contributes to the systematic development of viable quantum key distribution networks and supports the investigation of similar integration challenges relevant to the broader context of quantum systems engineering.

Problem

• Developing quantum-secure telecommunications against quantum computation threats
• Modeling evolving quantum key distribution network architectures systematically
• Managing fast-evolving network architectures with stakeholder expectations

Innovation

• Model-Based Systems Engineering for QKD
• Orthogonal Variability Modelling framework
• Systems Modelling Language traceable artefacts