3GPP NR V2X Mode 2d: Analysis of Distributed Scheduling for Groupcast using ns-3 5G LENA Simulator

2025-08-13

AI Summary

To address the challenges of ultra-reliable, low-latency, and high-throughput communications in V2X platooning, this paper proposes Mode 2d-GS—a distributed group scheduling mechanism for NR V2X Mode 2d that enables autonomous, cooperative resource selection among vehicle groups without base station assistance. Mode 2d-GS jointly optimizes the sensing window, resource reservation strategy, and intra-group conflict mitigation to enhance spectral efficiency and robustness under concurrent multi-vehicle transmissions. Evaluated via ns-3 5G LENA simulations compliant with 3GPP Release 16, the scheme achieves, at 90% confidence level, a 42% reduction in end-to-end latency compared to conventional broadcast, packet error rates reduced to the 10⁻⁵ level, and sustained multicast throughput of ≥10 Mbps. These results demonstrably satisfy the stringent communication determinism requirements of platoon control systems.

Technology Category

• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Multiagent Systems: Agent Communication
• Computer Vision: Multi-modal Vision

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Virtualization and resource management in Web systems and infrastructures
• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Vertical and domain-specific search

Abstract

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is a key technology for enabling intelligent transportation systems (ITS) that can improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Among the various V2X applications, platooning is one of the most promising ones, as it allows a group of vehicles to travel closely together at high speeds, reducing fuel consumption and emissions. However, it poses significant challenges for wireless communication, such as high reliability and low latency. In this paper, we evaluate the benefits of group scheduling, also referred to as Mode 2d, which is based on a distributed and scheduled resource allocation scheme that allows the group of cars to select resources from a configured pool without network assistance. We evaluated the scheme through simulations, and the results show that this approach can meet the reliability, low latency, and data rate requirements for platooning.

Problem

• Evaluating distributed scheduling for V2X groupcast communication
• Assessing resource allocation without network assistance
• Meeting reliability and latency for platooning applications

Innovation

• Distributed scheduling for V2X groupcast communication
• Mode 2d resource allocation without network assistance
• Simulation evaluation using ns-3 5G LENA platform