Local Intrinsic Dimension Unveils Hallucinations in Diffusion Models

2026-05-06

Abstract

Diffusion models are prone to generating structural hallucinations - samples that match the statistical properties of the training data yet defy underlying structural rules, resulting in anomalies like hands with more than five fingers. Recent research studied this failure mode from several viewpoints, offering partial explanations to their occurrence, such as mode interpolation. In this work, we propose a complementary perspective that treats hallucinations as instabilities on the model-induced manifold. We begin by showing that a hallucination filter based on such instabilities matches or exceeds the performance of the recently proposed temporal one. By tracing the source of these instabilities, we identify local intrinsic dimension (LID) as their primary driver and propose Intrinsic Quenching (IQ), a direct corrective mechanism that deflates it to alleviate hallucinations. IQ consistently outperforms standard hallucination reduction baselines across a wide array of benchmarks and offers a highly promising solution for enforcing anatomical consistency in downstream medical imaging tasks.

Problem

• diffusion models
• structural hallucinations
• anatomical consistency
• local intrinsic dimension
• model-induced manifold

Innovation

• Local Intrinsic Dimension
• Intrinsic Quenching
• Diffusion Models
• Structural Hallucinations
• Manifold Instability