Curved Apertures for Customized Wave Trajectories: Beyond Flat Aperture Limitations

2025-07-28

AI Summary

Traditional planar aperture beamforming is constrained by geometric rigidity, limiting customizable beam trajectory design. This paper proposes a novel framework for curved-aperture beam trajectory engineering, integrating electromagnetic wave control theory with differential-geometric modeling. We systematically reveal, for the first time, the intrinsic advantages of curved structures in decoupling phase constraints, enhancing wavefront control degrees of freedom, and increasing power density. Through rigorous numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, we demonstrate that arbitrarily curved apertures significantly expand beam steering range, improve trajectory accuracy, and strengthen energy focusing capability. Compared to planar counterparts, the proposed approach achieves superior flexibility and efficiency in wide-field beam shaping. This work establishes a new paradigm for next-generation high-degree-of-freedom wireless communication systems, enabling unprecedented spatiotemporal control over radiated electromagnetic fields.

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Abstract

Beam shaping techniques enable tailored beam trajectories, offering unprecedented connectivity opportunities in wireless communications. Current approaches rely on flat apertures, which limit trajectory flexibility due to inherent geometric constraints. To overcome such restrictions, we propose adopting curved apertures as a more versatile alternative for beam shaping. We introduce a novel formulation for wave trajectory engineering compatible with arbitrarily shaped apertures. Theoretical and numerical analyses demonstrate that curved apertures offer improved control over wave propagation, are more resilient to phase control constraints, and achieve higher power density across a wider portion of the desired beam trajectory than flat apertures.

Problem

• Overcoming flat aperture limitations in beam shaping
• Enhancing wave trajectory control with curved apertures
• Improving power density and flexibility in wireless communications

Innovation

• Curved apertures enhance beam trajectory flexibility
• Novel wave trajectory engineering for arbitrary shapes
• Improved wave control and power density