Thought Experiments for Conceptual Work: A New Application of a (Very) Old Method

2026-07-13

AI Summary

This study addresses a critical gap in human-computer interaction (HCI) research: the frequent neglect of the normative implications and ethical consequences inherent in conceptual design. To confront this issue, the work introduces philosophical thought experiments as a systematic method for the first time in HCI, constructing hypothetical scenarios and applying logical reasoning to critically interrogate stakeholder assumptions within value-sensitive design and to refine theories such as contextual integrity. This approach effectively uncovers the ethical dimensions and potential technological harms embedded in foundational HCI concepts, challenging prevailing frameworks while catalyzing the development of new theoretical insights. By doing so, it offers the field a forward-looking, systematic tool for ethical analysis that enhances both conceptual rigor and practical responsibility in interactive system design.

Abstract

In this paper, we propose thought experiments (TEs) as a crucial method for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers to engage in conceptual work. As an interdisciplinary field, HCI often uses concepts as the fundamental building blocks for larger theories. However, the conceptual commitments we make in this process carry normative consequences. TEs are a well-established philosophical method, whereby a hypothetical but tractable scenario logically progresses to a conclusion. We outline TEs as an interrogative method that brings conceptualizations to their normative implications through logical moves. We illustrate the value of thought experiments through two examples: (1) original thought experiments to critique stakeholders in Value-Sensitive Design and (2) Helen Nissenbaum's use of thought experiments to generate contextual integrity. We discuss how TEs precisely anticipate the potential harms of technologies, allowing HCI to operationalize current calls for increased scrutiny of research ethics and broader implications.

Problem

• thought experiments
• conceptual work
• Human-Computer Interaction
• normative implications
• research ethics

Innovation

• thought experiments
• conceptual work
• Human-Computer Interaction
• normative implications
• value-sensitive design