Arcturus: A Cloud Overlay Network for Global Accelerator with Enhanced Performance and Stability

2025-07-14

AI Summary

Existing Global Acceleration (GA) services are heavily reliant on single-cloud providers, resulting in high operational costs, inflexible deployment, and inadequate support for large-scale, low-latency applications. Method: This paper proposes a multi-cloud heterogeneous GA framework featuring a novel dual-plane architecture—separating forwarding and scheduling—integrated with cloud-native orchestration, cross-cloud dynamic proxy networking, and joint load-routing optimization. It further introduces an adaptive control mechanism and lightweight quantized optimization to reduce dependency on premium cloud resources. Results: Experiments under 10-million RPS workloads demonstrate a 1.7× throughput improvement, 71% cost reduction, and sustained resource utilization above 80%, achieving a unified balance of high performance, stability, and resource efficiency.

Technology Category

• Search and Optimization: Distributed Search
• Machine Learning: Hardware-aware ML
• Multiagent Systems: Adversarial Agents

Application Category

• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Efficiency and scalability of Web search engines
• Security and Privacy: Large-scale security measurements
• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Web performance, measurement, and characterization

Abstract

Global Accelerator (GA) services play a vital role in ensuring low-latency, high-reliability communication for real-time interactive applications. However, existing GA offerings are tightly bound to specific cloud providers, resulting in high costs, rigid deployment, and limited flexibility, especially for large-scale or budget-sensitive deployments. Arcturus is a cloud-native GA framework that revisits the design of GA systems by leveraging low-cost, heterogeneous cloud resources across multiple providers. Rather than relying on fixed, high-end infrastructure, Arcturus dynamically constructs its acceleration network and balances performance, stability, and resource efficiency. To achieve this, Arcturus introduces a two-plane design: a forwarding plane that builds a proxy network with adaptive control, and a scheduling plane that coordinates load and routing through lightweight, quantitative optimization. Evaluations under millions of RPS show that Arcturus outperforms commercial GA services by up to 1.7X in acceleration performance, reduces cost by 71%, and maintains over 80% resource efficiency--demonstrating efficient use of cloud resources at scale.

Problem

• Overcomes high cost and inflexibility of provider-bound GA services
• Enables dynamic, multi-cloud acceleration with performance-stability balance
• Optimizes resource efficiency via two-plane proxy network design

Innovation

• Leverages low-cost heterogeneous cloud resources
• Dynamically constructs acceleration network
• Two-plane design with adaptive control