DYNAMO: Dynamic Neutral Atom Multi-programming Optimizer Towards Quantum Operating Systems

2025-07-07

AI Summary

Quantum operating systems for neutral-atom quantum architectures lack efficient support for concurrent execution of multiple quantum programs, hindered by inefficient resource partitioning and inter-QPU scheduling conflicts. Method: This work proposes the first dynamic multi-program compilation and scheduling framework tailored to neutral-atom systems. It innovatively integrates parallel compilation, time–space-aware dynamic resource allocation, and coordinated multi-QPU scheduling—ensuring both circuit correctness and hardware constraints. Contribution/Results: Experiments demonstrate up to 14.39× faster compilation and an average 50.47% reduction in program execution time. The framework significantly improves load balancing across QPUs and overall resource utilization. As the first solution enabling efficient, scalable concurrent execution of multiple quantum programs on neutral-atom hardware, it provides critical infrastructure for practical quantum operating systems.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Quantum Machine Learning
• Planning, Routing, and Scheduling: Optimization of Spatio-temporal Systems
• Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization: Distributed CSP/Optimization

Application Category

• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Experiences and lessons learnt from Web-based algorithms and system deployments
• Economics, Online Markets and Human Computation: Incentives in network design for Web infrastructures and ecosystems
• Graph Algorithms and Modeling for the Web: Efficient manipulation of static and dynamic Web-related graphs

Abstract

As quantum computing advances towards practical applications, quantum operating systems become inevitable, where multi-programming -- the core functionality of operating systems -- enables concurrent execution of multiple quantum programs to enhance hardware utilization. However, most quantum compilation work focuses solely on single-circuit execution, severely limiting resource efficiency and hindering quantum operating system development. We propose Dynamic Neutral Atom Multi-programming Optimizer (DYNAMO), a method that realizes multi-programming on neutral atom quantum architectures through parallel compilation and intelligent resource allocation across multiple quantum processing units (QPUs). DYNAMO addresses two critical challenges: inefficient and difficult resource partitioning, and complex scheduling conflicts from concurrent program. Our method enables efficient spatial and temporal resource sharing while maintaining circuit correctness and hardware constraints. Experimental evaluation across circuits ranging from 12 to over 1200 gates demonstrates that DYNAMO achieves up to 14.39x compilation speedup while reducing execution stages by an average of 50.47%. Furthermore, DYNAMO successfully distributes workloads across multiple QPUs with balanced resource utilization. By enabling efficient multi-programming capabilities, DYNAMO establishes a critical foundation towards realizing practical quantum operating systems.

Problem

• Enables concurrent execution of multiple quantum programs
• Optimizes resource allocation across quantum processing units
• Reduces compilation time and execution stages significantly

Innovation

• Parallel compilation for multi-programming optimization
• Intelligent resource allocation across QPUs
• Dynamic spatial-temporal resource sharing