ReorgGS: Equivalent Distribution Reorganization for 3D Gaussian Splatting

2026-05-09

AI Summary

Converged 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) models often suffer from optimization stagnation due to high-opacity floating artifacts and redundant overlapping Gaussians, which impede gradient propagation and induce strong parameter coupling. To address this, this work proposes an equivalent distribution reorganization strategy: treating the converged Gaussian set as an empirical probability field, it resamples center positions, estimates local anisotropic covariances via k-nearest neighbors, and reinitializes opacities to low values. The model is then refined within the standard 3DGS rendering and loss framework. This approach reconstructs Gaussian positions, covariances, and visibility structures while preserving the underlying scene geometry, effectively breaking harmful overlaps, substantially improving reconstruction fidelity, suppressing floating artifacts, and reducing rendering overhead.

Abstract

A converged 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) model may approximate the target scene while remaining poorly parameterized for further optimization. We identify this failure mode as \emph{parameterization degeneration}: high-opacity floaters attenuate gradients to true surfaces through alpha compositing, and redundant overlapping clusters create strongly coupled parameter blocks with nearly collinear Jacobian responses. These effects explain why continued optimization can plateau even when the model still contains removable artifacts. We propose ReorgGS, an equivalent distribution reorganization method for converged 3DGS models. ReorgGS treats the existing Gaussian set as an empirical probability field, resamples centers from it, estimates local anisotropic covariances with kNN, initializes low opacity, and continues optimization with the original 3DGS renderer and loss. Unlike opacity reset, which only rescales opacity on the old overlap graph, ReorgGS rebuilds centers, covariances, and visibility structure, thereby changing the graph itself. Our analysis shows that distributional equivalence is not optimization equivalence. The reorganized model preserves scene support while improving gradient accessibility under alpha compositing and reducing opacity-weighted overlap, thereby weakening local parameter coupling during subsequent optimization. Under the same additional optimization budget, ReorgGS improves fitting quality at a fixed Gaussian count, suppresses persistent floaters, and reduces rendering overhead from redundant overlap.

Problem

• 3D Gaussian Splatting
• parameterization degeneration
• opacity floaters
• redundant overlap
• gradient attenuation

Innovation

• 3D Gaussian Splatting
• parameterization degeneration
• distribution reorganization
• opacity-weighted overlap
• gradient accessibility