Yotta: A Large-Scale Trustless Data Trading Scheme for Blockchain System

2025-06-24

AI Summary

Existing blockchain-based data exchange schemes struggle to simultaneously ensure security and scalability for large-scale transactions, while lacking a systematic characterization of core properties essential to Web 3.0 data trading. This paper formally defines four fundamental properties—completeness, privacy, verifiability, and efficiency—that large-scale, trustless data transactions must satisfy. We propose the first on-chain/off-chain collaborative framework supporting batched data transactions, integrating IPFS for decentralized storage, zk-SNARKs for privacy-preserving zero-knowledge proofs, and smart contracts for automated execution—enabling trustless data delivery and verification. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that our framework achieves up to a 130× throughput improvement over baseline approaches, significantly enhancing scalability while fully satisfying all four defined properties for large-scale data trading.

Technology Category

• Data Mining & Knowledge Management: Representing, Reasoning, and Using Provenance, Trust
• Search and Optimization: Distributed Search
• Machine Learning: Privacy

Application Category

• Security and Privacy: Data transparency and provenance
• Responsible Web: Data and user privacy-enhancing technologies for the Web
• Economics, Online Markets and Human Computation: Trust and reliance of crowd workers and data experts on GenAI

Abstract

Data trading is one of the key focuses of Web 3.0. However, all the current methods that rely on blockchain-based smart contracts for data exchange cannot support large-scale data trading while ensuring data security, which falls short of fulfilling the spirit of Web 3.0. Even worse, there is currently a lack of discussion on the essential properties that large-scale data trading should satisfy. In this work, we are the first to formalize the property requirements for enabling data trading in Web 3.0. Based on these requirements, we are the first to propose Yotta, a complete batch data trading scheme for blockchain, which features a data trading design that leverages our innovative cryptographic workflow with IPFS and zk-SNARK. Our simulation results demonstrate that Yotta outperforms baseline approaches up to 130 times and exhibits excellent scalability to satisfy all the properties.

Problem

• Enabling large-scale trustless data trading in Web 3.0
• Ensuring data security in blockchain-based data exchange
• Formalizing property requirements for scalable data trading

Innovation

• Leverages cryptographic workflow with IPFS
• Utilizes zk-SNARK for secure data trading
• Supports large-scale batch data trading