Occupancy-Domain Over-the-Air Computation

2026-09-10

AI Summary

本文提出了一种新的空中计算方法——占用域计算（ODC），通过沉默资源的共享来解决无线多址信道中分布式数据聚合的问题，避免了对信道状态信息、相位对齐和功率控制的需求。

Abstract

Over-the-air computation (AirComp) aggregates distributed data through the wireless multiple-access channel, but coherent implementations require channel state information (CSI), phase alignment, and power control, whereas non-coherent energy methods remain affected by fading. Signal superposition at the receive antenna is linear but requires coherence, and energy superposition is linear only in expectation over fading. We introduce occupancy-domain computation (ODC), whose observable is neither a received amplitude nor an energy: the sum is carried by the silence of the shared resources. With exponential Bernoulli activation, the individual silence probabilities multiply, and the server recovers the sum from the idle fraction using binary activity decisions alone, so that once an activation is detected the amplitude that produced it does not enter the estimate. We characterize the maximum-likelihood estimator, optimal load, and a scale-integrated Fisher-information bound for non-adaptive operation over unknown dynamic ranges. We then introduce balanced occupancy computation (BOC), where each device forms a data-dependent quota of random burst placements. This removes the random placement-count fluctuation of Bernoulli activation; under ideal detection, the leading-order asymptotic root-mean-square error of BOC is no larger than that of Bernoulli ODC at any load and approaches $1/\sqrt{2M}$, where $M$ is the number of resource elements, as the number of devices becomes small relative to $M$. We further analyze unknown-scale operation, finite-frame deviations, and heterogeneous detection misses. Simulations validate the theory and compare ODC/BOC with affine non-coherent energy aggregation and REED.

Problem

• Over-the-air computation
• Channel state information
• Fading

Innovation

• Occupancy-Domain Computation
• Exponential Bernoulli Activation
• Balanced Occupancy Computation