🤖 AI Summary
This study addresses the challenge of unreliable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning in indoor environments by introducing, for the first time, a Transmissive Intelligent Surface (TIS) to establish extended line-of-sight links that guide GNSS signals indoors. The authors propose a three-stage TIS-assisted positioning algorithm (TSIPA) that integrates the known TIS array geometry with angle-of-arrival (AoA) measurements to achieve high-precision user localization. A novel metric, termed TPDoP (TIS Position Dilution of Precision), is innovatively defined to quantify the geometric degradation induced by TIS deployment, complemented by root-mean-square error (RMSE) for comprehensive performance evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively extends GNSS coverage into indoor settings and significantly enhances both positioning accuracy and reliability.
📝 Abstract
A transmitting intelligent surfaces (TISs) aided satellite indoor navigation system is investigated. By leveraging the unique features of TIS, we address the limitations of conventional global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in providing reliable positioning services within indoor environments. To facilitate the extension of GNSS indoor signals, we establish an extended line-of-sight link using TIS which has the capability to change signal direction. A three-stage TIS-aided satellite indoor positioning algorithm (TSIPA), which utilizes the positions of TIS arrays and the angle of arrival, is proposed to locate indoor users. To evaluate the distribution of TIS arrays, we propose TIS position dilution of precision (TPDoP) to evaluate centroid deviation and utilize the root mean square error (RMSE) to represent compactness.