Revisiting Distributed Sign-Based Variance Reduction

2026-09-16

AI Summary

本文解决了分布式环境下基于符号的方差减少方法因数据异质性引入偏差的问题，通过无偏压缩递归梯度增量跟踪全局梯度，获得最优收敛率。

Abstract

Sign-based methods reduce communication costs in distributed environments, but aggregating local signs can introduce bias when data are heterogeneous. As a result, existing sign-based variance reduction methods fail to obtain the optimal convergence rates. In this paper, we solve this problem and obtain optimal rates for both nonconvex stochastic and finite-sum optimization. We first give a counterexample showing that majority voting can fail to approach stationary points even with exact local gradients. Motivated by this limitation, we propose tracking the global gradient at the server through unbiased compression of recursive gradient increments. As a result, we can obtain the convergence rates of $O(\sqrt{d/K}+\sqrt d (a/(nK))^{1/3})$ for the $\ell_1$-norm and $O(\sqrt{a/K}+\sqrt a/(nK)^{1/3})$ for the $\ell_2$-norm. Here, $K$ is the iteration number, $n$ is the number of workers, $d$ is the dimension, and $a=1+ω$, with $ω$ denoting the compressor's relative variance. For finite-sum problems with $M$ components, we combine periodic exact gradient refreshes with compressed component-gradient differences. The resulting total sample complexities are $O(M+d\sqrt{aM}ε^{-2})$ and $O(M+a\sqrt M\ epsilon^{-2})$ for $\ell_1$ and $\ell_2$ gradient norms at most $ε$, matching the corresponding bounds in centralized settings.

Problem

• distributed environments
• sign-based methods
• communication costs
• heterogeneous data
• convergence rates

Innovation

• unbiased compression
• recursive gradient increments
• optimal convergence rates
• heterogeneous data