Human Exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Indoor Distributed Antenna System: Shopping Mall Measurement Analysis

📅 2026-09-15
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🤖 AI Summary
研究通过在巴西纳塔尔的购物中心测量电场强度,评估了室内分布式天线系统对公众非电离辐射暴露的影响。
📝 Abstract
It is crucial to monitor the levels of Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) to which the general population may be exposed and compare them to the limits defined in the current standards, in view of the rapid rise of communication services and the prospects of a connected society. A high number of people visits shopping malls and since these locations usually have several indoor antennas close to the public, it is therefore a kind of place that must be evaluated. Thus, this work presents measurements of the electric field in a shopping mall located in Natal, Brazil. We proposed a set of six measurement points, following two criteria: places with great the flow of people and the presence of one or more Distributed Antenna System (DAS), co-sited or not with WiFi access points. Results are presented and discussed in terms of the distance to DAS (conditions: near and far) and flow density of people in the mall (scenarios: low and high number of people). The highest peaks of electric field measured were 1.96 and 3.26 V/m, respectively corresponding to 5% and 8% of the limits defined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Brazilian National Telecommunication Agency (ANATEL).
Problem

Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.

Non-Ionizing Radiation
Distributed Antenna System
Shopping Mall
Exposure Level
ICNIRP
Innovation

Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.

Non-Ionizing Radiation
Distributed Antenna System
Shopping Mall Measurement
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J
Júlia da L. A. Silva
Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (PPgEEC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
V
Vicente A. de Sousa, Jr.
Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (PPgEEC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
M
Marcio E. C. Rodrigues
Department of Communications Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
F
Fred Sizenando Rossiter Pinheiro
Department of Communications Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
G
Gutembergue Soares da Silva
Department of Communications Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
H
Halysson B. Mendonça
National Telecommunication Agency (ANATEL), Natal 59020-200, Brazil
R
Ricardo Q. de F. H. Silva
Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
J
João V. L. da Silva
Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
F
Fernanda E. S. Galdino
Department of Communications Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
V
Vitor F. C. de Carvalho
Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
L
Lucas I. C. Medeiros
Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (PPgEEC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil