Weaver: A Retargetable Compiler Framework for FPQA Quantum Architectures

2024-09-12

IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization

AI Summary

To address the lack of efficient, verifiable compilation frameworks for emerging neutral-atom-based field-programmable quantum arrays (FPQAs), this work introduces the first retargetable quantum compilation framework tailored to FPQAs. Methodologically, it (1) designs wQasm, a hardware-aware assembly language explicitly modeling FPQA-specific features; (2) constructs wOptimizer, a pass-based, extensible optimization pipeline enabling hardware-customized qubit mapping and scheduling; and (3) develops wChecker, the first multi-platform automated equivalence verification tool for FPQA compilation, ensuring correctness via formal methods. The framework maintains OpenQASM compatibility and integrates formal verification throughout the compilation flow. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that, compared to superconducting and state-of-the-art FPQA compilers, our framework achieves a 103× speedup in average compilation time, a 4.4× reduction in quantum circuit execution latency, and a 10% improvement in gate fidelity.

Technology Category

• Machine Learning: Quantum Machine Learning
• Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Qualitative Reasoning
• Humans and AI: Human-Aware Planning and Behavior Prediction

Application Category

• Search and Retrieval-Augmented AI: Web evaluation methodologies and metrics
• Systems and Infrastructure for Web, Mobile and WoT: Experiences and lessons learnt from Web-based algorithms and system deployments
• Economics, Online Markets and Human Computation: LLM based quality controls for crowd work

Abstract

While the prominent quantum computing architectures are based on superconducting technology, new quantum hardware technologies are emerging, such as Trapped Ions, Neutral Atoms (or FPQAs), Silicon Spin Qubits, etc. This diverse set of technologies presents fundamental trade-offs in terms of scalability, performance, manufacturing, and operating expenses. To manage these diverse quantum technologies, there is a growing need for a retargetable compiler that can efficiently adapt existing code to these emerging hardware platforms. Such a retargetable compiler must be extensible to support new and rapidly evolving technologies, performant with fast compilation times and high-fidelity execution, and verifiable through rigorous equivalence checking to ensure the functional equivalence of the retargeted code. To this end, we present Weaver, the first extensible, performant, and verifiable retargetable quantum compiler framework with a focus on FPQAs due to their unique, promising features. Weaver introduces wQasm, the first formal extension of the standard OpenQASM quantum assembly with FPQA-specific instructions to support their distinct capabilities. Next, Weaver implements the wOptimizer, an extensible set of FPQA-specific optimization passes to improve execution quality. Last, the wChecker automatically checks for equivalence between the original and the retargeted code. Our evaluation shows that Weaver improves compilation times by 103×, execution times by 4.4×, and execution fidelity by 10%, on average, compared to superconducting and state-of-the-art (non-retargetable) FPQA compilers.

Problem

• Develop retargetable compiler for diverse quantum architectures
• Support FPQA-specific instructions and optimizations
• Ensure fast compilation and high-fidelity execution

Innovation

• Extensible retargetable quantum compiler framework
• WQASM extension for FPQA-specific instructions
• WOptimizer for FPQA-specific optimizations