Heterogeneous Agents in the Data Economy

📅 2025-09-11
📈 Citations: 0
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🤖 AI Summary
This paper addresses the theoretical gap in characterizing investor heterogeneity in data investment capability within the data economy. Method: Departing from the representative-agent paradigm, it constructs the first analytically tractable heterogeneous-agent model, endogenizing data investment capability within agents’ utility functions and dynamic investment decisions. Contribution/Results: The model demonstrates how capability disparities systematically generate asymmetric growth in investment scale, productivity gains, and technological progress, while exacerbating financing frictions and economic inequality. Its core theoretical innovation is the formal identification of “data investment capability” as a key structural determinant of data factor allocation and economic divergence. This provides a rigorous foundation for designing data property rights regimes, tiered incentive mechanisms, and inclusive data governance frameworks—advancing both theoretical understanding and policy-relevant analysis of data-driven economic development.

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📝 Abstract
In this short paper, we define the investment ability of data investors in the data economy and its heterogeneity. We further construct an analytical heterogeneous agent model to demonstrate that differences in data investment ability lead to divergent economic results for data investors. The analytical results prove that: Investors with higher data investment ability can obtain greater utility through data investment, and thus have stronger incentives to invest in a larger scale of data to achieve higher productivity, technological progress, and experience lower financial frictions. We aim to propose a prerequisite theory that extends the analytical framework of the data economy from the currently prevalent representative agent model to a heterogeneous agent model.
Problem

Research questions and friction points this paper is trying to address.

Modeling heterogeneous data investor investment abilities
Analyzing divergent economic outcomes from ability differences
Extending data economy framework to heterogeneous agents
Innovation

Methods, ideas, or system contributions that make the work stand out.

Heterogeneous agent model for data economy
Analyzing data investment ability differences
Higher ability yields greater investment utility
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Yongheng Hu
School of International Business, Zhejiang International Studies University, Liuhe Road, Hangzhou 310023, China