Prague Dependency Treebank -- Consolidated 2.0: Enriching a Complex Annotation Scheme

2026-06-23

AI Summary

This work addresses the lack of a unified, coherent, and high-quality Czech treebank that systematically covers cross-sentential semantic phenomena such as coreference and discourse relations. Developed over nearly three decades within the framework of Prague Dependency Grammar, the resulting corpus spans multiple genres and comprises approximately four million words with multi-layer annotations. It is the first to integrate deep semantic representations, coreference resolution, and discourse relation annotation in a fully consistent and uniform manner across the entire dataset. The treebank has become a widely used international resource, supporting both traditional and modern NLP tool evaluation as well as cross-formalism conversion studies. All annotated data and associated parsers have been publicly released under open-source licenses.

Abstract

The Prague Dependency Treebank framework is unique in its attempt to systematically include and link different layers of language, including a meaning representation with several types of inter-sentential phenomena, especially coreference and discourse relations. We present its second consolidated version (PDT-C 2.0), which concludes almost 30-years long project of sustained development of the resource to a uniformly and coherently annotated, genre-diversified, almost 4 million token language resource of Czech language, with accompanying fully compatible lexicons. In addition to continuous linguistic research, the richly linguistically annotated corpus is also widely used in international comparisons of the development of traditional and novel NLP tools as well as in conversions into other formalisms. The corpus and the trained parsers are available under the CC BY-NC-SA licence.

Problem

• Prague Dependency Treebank
• coreference
• discourse relations
• annotation scheme
• language resource

Innovation

• Prague Dependency Treebank
• multi-layer annotation
• coreference
• discourse relations
• NLP resource