PROTECT-90: A Fault Dataset for Power System Protection

2026-06-23

AI Summary

This work addresses the lack of standardized, publicly available fault waveform datasets in high-voltage protection research, which hinders reproducible evaluation of data-driven methods. To bridge this gap, the authors introduce PROTECT-90, a benchmark dataset generated through electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations on a standard 90 kV double-circuit transmission line topology. By systematically randomizing grid operating points, line parameters, and fault conditions, they produce 9,022 physically consistent and scenariowise balanced short-circuit simulation samples. Three-phase voltage and current waveforms, along with structured metadata, are synchronously recorded at eight measurement points. PROTECT-90 represents the first openly shared high-voltage fault dataset, with fully documented modeling assumptions and generation procedures, thereby establishing a standardized and reproducible benchmark for evaluating signal processing techniques and learning-based protection algorithms.

Abstract

The increasing interest in data-driven methods for power system protection is accompanied by a lack of standardized, publicly available high-voltage waveform datasets that enable transparent and reproducible evaluation. To address this gap, this paper introduces the PROTECT-90 dataset, an open electromagnetic transient (EMT)-simulated reference benchmark for high-voltage fault studies with consistent digital-fault-recorder-like measurements, publicly released with this work. The dataset comprises 9,022 physically consistent short-circuit simulation episodes generated on a standardized 90 kV double-line topology with systematically documented domain randomization of grid operating points, line parameters, and fault conditions. For each episode, synchronized three-phase voltage and current waveforms are recorded at eight measurement locations and released together with structured, machine-readable metadata describing fault type, fault location, inception time, and operating conditions. All modeling assumptions, parameter ranges, and data-generation procedures are explicitly documented to ensure transparency and cross-study comparability. By combining physically grounded EMT simulation, balanced scenario coverage, and open accessibility, PROTECT-90 establishes a standardized foundation for reproducible benchmarking of protection-oriented signal processing and learning-based methods.

Problem

• power system protection
• fault dataset
• electromagnetic transient
• reproducible benchmarking
• high-voltage waveform

Innovation

• electromagnetic transient simulation
• fault dataset
• power system protection
• domain randomization
• reproducible benchmarking