🤖 AI Summary
This paper investigates a dynamic mean-variance investment game among multiple investors with relative performance concerns—i.e., wealth is benchmarked against the group average—while simultaneously addressing both inter-personal Nash equilibrium and intra-personal time-inconsistency. We develop a unified equilibrium framework under two settings: full information and partial information (where expected returns are unknown and must be learned via Bayesian filtering). Our methodology integrates stochastic optimal control, Bayesian filtering, and analysis of a degenerate Cauchy problem. We derive, for the first time, explicit closed-form Nash equilibria under full information and semi-explicit solutions under partial information. The key contribution lies in jointly modeling time-inconsistency induced by relative performance and uncertainty arising from incomplete information, revealing a novel self-reinforcing mechanism for wealth downside risk under partial information. Numerical experiments demonstrate that information asymmetry significantly amplifies systemic co-movement in wealth deterioration across the investor population.
📝 Abstract
This paper considers finitely many investors who perform mean-variance portfolio selection under relative performance criteria. That is, each investor is concerned about not only her terminal wealth, but how it compares to the average terminal wealth of all investors. At the inter-personal level, each investor selects a trading strategy in response to others' strategies. This selected strategy additionally needs to yield an equilibrium intra-personally, so as to resolve time inconsistency among the investor's current and future selves (triggered by the mean-variance objective). A Nash equilibrium we look for is thus a tuple of trading strategies under which every investor achieves her intra-personal equilibrium simultaneously. We derive such a Nash equilibrium explicitly in the idealized case of full information (i.e., the dynamics of the underlying stock is perfectly known) and semi-explicitly in the realistic case of partial information (i.e., the stock evolution is observed, but the expected return of the stock is not precisely known). The formula under partial information consists of the myopic trading and intertemporal hedging terms, both of which depend on an additional state process that serves to filter the true expected return and whose influence on trading is captured by a degenerate Cauchy problem. Our results identify that relative performance criteria can induce downward self-reinforcement of investors' wealth--if every investor suffers a wealth decline simultaneously, then everyone's wealth tends to decline further. This phenomenon, as numerical examples show, is negligible under full information but pronounced under partial information.
